{"id":6537,"date":"2026-05-30T04:05:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T01:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6537"},"modified":"2026-06-01T15:44:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T12:44:12","slug":"doi-10-52150-2522-9117-2026-40-028","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6537&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"DOI: 10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-028"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D. O. Stepanenko<\/strong>1<\/sup>, Ph.D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0001-5913-2284
O. M. Grishin<\/strong>1<\/sup> D. Sc. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0009-0000-0665-1179
O. V. Kuksa<\/strong>1<\/sup>, Ph. D. (Tech.), Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-6268-0692
L. O. Lisova<\/strong>1<\/sup>, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, OR\u0421ID 0000-0001-6298-9115
I. R. Povorotnia<\/strong>1,*<\/sup>, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, OR\u0421ID 0000-0001-5872-7403<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 <\/sup>Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine<\/em>
* <\/sup>Corresponding author:<\/em> iro4ka01091990@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE SOLID-PHASE REDUCTION OF CHROMIUM AND IRON FROM THEIR OXIDES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abstract.<\/strong> Obtaining high-quality steel grades amid growing shortages of mineral and energy resources poses an important challenge for the metallurgical industry: improving existing technologies and developing new ones for producing alloying materials using substandard ores and waste. Solid-phase reduction (SPR) technology is a promising approach that enables sponge ligatures to be obtained from complex charges at temperatures below their melting points. This reduces energy costs and ensures a lower content of harmful elements in the metal, particularly sulfur and, under certain conditions, phosphorus. The technological features of SPR distinguish it from traditional ferroalloy production processes. This work uses an approach to the thermodynamic study of the Cr-O-C system that reflects the prevailing direction of the solid-phase reduction mechanism of chromium oxide by carbon. In this case, the process mainly occurs in the vapor-gas phase, with the gas phase (CO-CO2<\/sub>) playing a decisive role in connecting the solid reagents.It has been found that further decarburization of products from the solid-phase co-reduction of chromium and iron is possible through additional thermochemical treatment of the reduction product. The reduction of carbon by treating the sponge ligature with a gas mixture of H2 <\/sub>\u2013 H2<\/sub>O or Ar \u2013 H2<\/sub>O at a temperature of 1273 \u2013 1373 K and H2<\/sub>O concentration of 1 \u2013 2% for 25 \u2013 40 minutes has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> solid-phase reduction, carbothermic reduction, carbide formation, chromium oxide, chromium carbide, physicochemical properties, Gibbs energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation:<\/strong> Stepanenko, D. O., Grishin, O. M., Kuksa, O. V., Lisova, L. O., & Povorotnia, I. R. (2026). Theoretical and experimental substitution of solid-phase reduction of chrome and zatiz from their oxides. Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy,<\/em> 40, 465-483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-028<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \/ Received 25.02.2026<\/em>
\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \/ Accepted 28.05.2026<\/em>
\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \/ Published 30.05.2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D. O. Stepanenko1, Ph.D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0001-5913-2284O. M. Grishin1 D. Sc. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0009-0000-0665-1179O. V. Kuksa1, Ph. D. (Tech.), Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-6268-0692L. O. Lisova1, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, OR\u0421ID 0000-0001-6298-9115I. R. Povorotnia1,*, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, OR\u0421ID 0000-0001-5872-7403 1 Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6537","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6537"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6925,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6537\/revisions\/6925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}