{"id":6347,"date":"2026-05-30T02:33:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T23:33:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6347"},"modified":"2026-06-01T15:53:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T12:53:43","slug":"doi-10-52150-2522-9117-2026-40-009","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6347&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"DOI: 10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-009"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M. <\/strong>O<\/strong>. Sobolenko<\/strong>1<\/sup>,*<\/sup> Senior Lecturer, ORCID 0000-0002-8653-5262<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 <\/sup>Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies<\/em>
* <\/sup>Corresponding author: m.o.sobolenko@ust.edu.ua<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PECULIARITIES OF THE APPLICATION OF NON-ISOTHERMAL HOLDING IN THE PROCESS OF SPHEROIDIZING ANNEALING OF LOW-CARBON STEEL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abstract.<\/strong> For heterogeneous alloys, a significant role in ensuring the required set of technological properties is played by the structural state, in this case the morphology of the microstructure obtained after heat treatment. In the case of cold heading, the necessary technological plasticity is provided by the spherical (globular) morphology of the excess phase particles. In this regard, steel billets intended for cold heading are subjected to spheroidizing annealing, which is mainly carried out in furnaces with a duration of up to ten hours or more. In this regard, the spheroidizing annealing operation is characterized by significant energy consumption. To intensify the spheroidization process, various schemes of pretreatments have been proposed, which are based on increasing the dispersion of carbide particles and the defectivity of the matrix crystal lattice by reducing the austenite decomposition temperature in the eutectoid transformation region. In this case, the duration of the process was reduced to several hours with a practically unchanged type of annealing mode. The study of the features of intensification of spheroidizing annealing and factors that affect the speed of the spheroidization process of cementite of low-carbon steels is of great practical importance. This work investigates the use of heating the workpiece metal with an internal coolant using non-isothermal holding with increasing temperature and deep supercooling in the process of spheroidizing annealing of low-carbon steel, the influence of the listed factors on the duration of the spheroidization process. It has been established that the maximum reduction in the duration of spheroidizing annealing with a pre-prepared initial structure is achieved by implementing a regime with deep supercooling and non-isothermal holding (with an increase in temperature). In this case, the metal is heated by an internal coolant, which ensures the effect of accelerating the formation of new grains. Reducing the duration of the process during deep supercooling and non-isothermal holding is achieved by optimizing the values of thermodynamic and kinetic factors that determine the speed of the process of structural transformations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words: <\/strong>spheroidizing annealing, heating with an internal coolant, non-isothermal holding, duration of the spheroidization process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation:<\/strong> Sobolenko, M. O. (2026). Peculiarities of the application of non-isothermal holding in the process of spheroidizing annealing of low-carbon steel. Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy<\/em>, 40, 156-165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Dolzhenkov, I. Ye. (2011). Ways to significantly reduce the time (duraction) and improve the quality of spheroidization of carbides of steel metal products. Construction, materials science, mechanical engineering<\/em>, 58, 262-267<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gul, Yu. P., Kolpak, V. P., & Sobolenko, M. A. (2009). The role of Thermodynamic factors in the intensification of the process of cementite spheroidization. Construction, materials science, mechanical engineering, <\/em>48, 30-35<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kolpak, V. P., Gul, Yu. P., & Sobolenko, M. A. (2009). Intensification of the process of spheroidizing annealing of steel. Enerhozberihayuche obladnannya dlya termichnoyi obrobky<\/em>, <\/em>Sloviansk, 10-13<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kolpak, V. P., Lashchenko, A. M., Poltoratsky, L. M., & Boyaryntseva, A. V. (2003). Complex lines for electrothermal treatment of rolled steel anfd wire. OTTOM<\/em> <\/em>\u2013 4<\/em>, 1, 42-44<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ivashchenko, V. P., Shvachych, G., & Sobolenko, M. O. (2013). New metallurgical technologies based on the use of high-performance multiprocessor computing complexes. Theory and practice of metallurgy<\/em>, 3-4 (92-93), 78-87<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Klimenko, A. P., Karnaukh, A. I., Burya, A. I., & Sitar, V. I. (2008). Differential thermal analysis and heat treatment technologies. Porogi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Kaputkin, D. E. (2005). Correlation between the thermokinetic parameters of diffusional decomposition and the activation energy of diffusion in steel and nonferrous alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography<\/em>, 99, 4, 343-347.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Kolpak, V., Leschenko, A., Ivchenko, O., Sobolenko, M., & Kokashynska, H. Patent of Ukrain\u0435 No. 36892. Method of heat treatment of rolled products from low and medium carbon steels for cold heading<\/em>. State Patent Office of Ukraine, Bulletin No. 21. 6 p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Gul, Yu. P., & Tsuran, V. M. (2006). Influence of the shape coefficient of particles of the excess phase in heterophase alloys on the thermodynamic stimulus of the particle spheroidization process. Construction, Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, 36, 3, 78 \u2013 83<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \/ Received 04.03.2026<\/em>
\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \/ Accepted 28.05.2026<\/em>
\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \/ Published 30.05.2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M. O. Sobolenko1,* Senior Lecturer, ORCID 0000-0002-8653-5262 1 Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies* Corresponding author: m.o.sobolenko@ust.edu.ua PECULIARITIES OF THE APPLICATION OF NON-ISOTHERMAL HOLDING IN THE PROCESS OF SPHEROIDIZING ANNEALING OF LOW-CARBON STEEL Abstract. For heterogeneous alloys, a significant role in ensuring the required set of technological properties is played by the structural state, in this case the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6347","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6347"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6965,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6347\/revisions\/6965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}