{"id":6303,"date":"2026-05-30T02:15:13","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T23:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6303"},"modified":"2026-06-01T15:55:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T12:55:05","slug":"doi-10-52150-2522-9117-2026-40-005","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/?page_id=6303&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"DOI: 10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-005"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S. V. Adzhamskyi<\/strong>1,2<\/sup>, Ph. D. (Tech. Sci.),ORCID 0000-0002-6095-8646
T. V. Balakhanova<\/strong>3,*<\/sup>, Cand. Tech. Sci., ORCID 0000-0003-2493-218X
O. E. Baranovska<\/strong>3<\/sup>, Cand. Tech. Sci., ORCID 0000-0002-4106-5797
R. V. Podolskyi<\/strong>2,3,4<\/sup>, Ph. D. (Tech. Sci.),ORCID 0000-0002-0288-0641<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 <\/sup>LLC “Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine”<\/em>
2 <\/sup>Institute of Transport Systems and Technologies of the NAS of Ukraine<\/em>
3 <\/sup>Iron and steel institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of National academy of science of Ukraine<\/em>
4 <\/sup>Institute of Applied Control Systems of the NAS of Ukraine<\/em>
*<\/sup> Corresponding author: tatja.balakhanova@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CONFLICTING INFLUENCE OF SCANNING PARAMETERS ON THE GEOMETRY AND SIZE OF THE MELT POOL DURING THE LPBF PROCESS (REVIEW)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abstract. <\/strong>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one of the leading technologies for additive manufacturing of metal parts with complex geometries, enabling the production of both solid and porous structures with tailored characteristics. However, the widespread industrial adoption of LPBF is limited by defects such as porosity, residual stresses, incomplete powder melting, and layer unevenness. These defects significantly affect the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and corrosion resistance of the final products. A central element of the process is the melt pool, whose stability governs the formation of the microstructure, alloy quality, and behavior of multilayer structures. However, data on melt pool behavior remain controversial: results from experiments and numerical simulations often do not coincide, making it difficult to unambiguously assess the effects of process parameters. The interaction of factors such as laser power, scanning speed, sample placement on the build platform, beam inclination, and gas flow is often nonlinear and unpredictable. Consequently, defect formation and track morphology can vary considerably even under similar process conditions, highlighting the high level of uncertainty and inconsistency in the data. This paper summarizes existing studies analyzing the formation of single tracks and multilayer structures, emphasizes discrepancies between experimental observations and numerical models, and identifies key factors requiring further investigation. The significant influence of numerous LPBF parameters, as well as the complex and multifactorial nature of the process, is evident. Beyond the effects of individual parameters, their interactions play a critical role, but have been studied less extensively due to the need for large-scale, high-precision experiments. Knowledge of the relationships between process instability, laser beam angle, and gas flow direction, in combination with other parameters, can help to better understand the causes of variations in the properties of metal products. Analyzing the challenges and prospects of studying single and multilayer tracks in melt pools allows for a deeper understanding of LPBF processes, supports the determination of optimal process parameters, and improves product quality, ultimately enabling more precise process control and effective evaluation of powder alloy properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words:<\/strong> laser powder bed fusion, single tracks, melt pool, keyhole, LPBF process parameters<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For citation:<\/strong> Adzhamskyi, S. V., Balakhanova, T. V., Baranovska, O. Ye., & Podolskyi, R. V. (2026). Conflicting influence of scanning parameters on the geometry and size of the melt pool during the LPBF process (review). Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy<\/em>, 40, 79-97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52150\/2522-9117-2026-40-005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \/ Received  01.03.2026<\/em>
\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \/ Accepted 28.05.2026<\/em>
\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \/ Published 30.05.2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S. V. Adzhamskyi1,2, Ph. D. (Tech. Sci.),ORCID 0000-0002-6095-8646T. V. Balakhanova3,*, Cand. Tech. Sci., ORCID 0000-0003-2493-218XO. E. Baranovska3, Cand. Tech. Sci., ORCID 0000-0002-4106-5797R. V. Podolskyi2,3,4, Ph. D. (Tech. Sci.),ORCID 0000-0002-0288-0641 1 LLC “Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine”2 Institute of Transport Systems and Technologies of the NAS of Ukraine3 Iron and steel institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of National academy of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6303","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6303"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6971,"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6303\/revisions\/6971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jrn.isi.gov.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}