DOI: 10.52150/2522-9117-2024-38-321-335

Yushkevych Pavlo Olehovych, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academican Starodubova Square, 1, Dnipro, 49107, Ukraine. ORCID: 0000-0002-2675-0737. E-mail: metallurgistISI@gmail.com

FEATURES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE-TIER TOP TUYERES FOR OXYGEN CONVERTERS

Abstract. Expected steel production in Ukraine in 2024 is projected to exceed the 2023 output by 17%. Up to 75% of global steel production is carried out using the oxygen converter process. In Ukraine, the capacity of converter production is concentrated at PJSC ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih, PJSC Dnipro Metallurgical Plant, and PJSC Kamet Steel. For the oxygen converter process, in addition to the converter agregat one of the most important components of the equipment is the top tuyere. In this work definition and explanation of the top tuyere operating principles are provided. Continuous development and improvement of top tuyere constructions since their inception have led to various construction features. To explain these, the concepts of nozzle group, tier, and row of an oxygen converter top tuyere are introduced in this work. The general structure of a classic top tuyere is presented. The main design features of single-nozzle and multi-nozzle top tuyeres are characterized. It is noted that, according to the cooling principle, top tuyeres with central and peripheral water supply are distinguished. A classification of top tuyere tip is provided based on the number and type of nozzles and the manufacturing method. It is noted that multi-nozzle top tuyeres with Laval nozzles in the tip with quantity from 3 to 12 are the most widely used in leading metallurgical countries, and in Ukraine, those with 4, 5, 6 nozzles in tip. According to the formulated notions for the nozzle group, tier, and row, such top tuyeres are defined as single-tier multi-nozzle, corresponding to the trend towards the development of multi-tier and multi-row top tuyere designs. It is important to note that the correct selection of the top tuyere affects a number of parameters of the converting melt process, advantages and disadvantages of the oxygen converter method compared to the open-hearth and electric steelmaking processes. It is determined that further development of new top tuyeres should be aimed at strengthening the existing and creating new advantages of the converter steelmaking process while simultaneously eliminating its drawbacks.

Key words: oxygen converter technology, converter, top tuyere, single-tier top tuyere, tip, nozzles

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2024-38-321-335

For citation: Yushkevych, P. O. (2024). Features of the construction of single-tier top tuyeres for oxygen converters. Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, 38, 321-335. https://doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2024-38-321-335

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