DOI: 10.52150/2522-9117-2026-40-004
S. I. Gubenko1,2, D. Sc. (Tech.), Professor, ORCID 0000-0001-6626-3979
E. V. Parusov1, D. Sc. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-4560-2043
I. M. Chuiko1,*, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-4753-614X
O. V. Parusov1, Ph. D. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-9879-6179
1 Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov NAS of Ukraine
2 Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, SEI “Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture”
* Corresponding author: ferrosplav@ukr.net
FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF HETEROPHASЕ
NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS DURING HOT AND COLD ROLLING OF STEELS. PART 1
Abstract. The behavior of microcomposite heterophase inclusions of the types “refractory phase encased in a fusible shell” and “phases are beside” during hot and cold rolling of steels has been investigated. It is demonstrated that their deformation behavior is governed by the complex interaction of the constituent phases within the inclusions, as well as by the interactions across the inclusion–matrix interfaces and the internal interphase boundaries inside the inclusions. The study establishes that these inclusions exhibit characteristic patterns of deformation processes determined by their chemical and phase composition, structure, deformability of the inclusion phases, and deformation temperature. The mutual influence of the phases on their joint deformation under hot and cold rolling conditions has been identified. It is shown that the morphological evolution of inclusions of the “refractory phase encased in a fusible shell” type during hot rolling is controlled by the plasticity of the shell phase and the complex interphase interactions resulting from interfacial friction and slip. The encapsulation of undeformable inclusions such as oxides, spinels, titanium nitride, and others within a plastic silicate or sulfide shell can be regarded as an effective mechanism for reducing the brittleness of nonmetallic inclusions during hot rolling. The shape evolution of “phases are beside” inclusions during hot rolling is determined by the plasticity of the inclusion phases and by complex interphase interactions arising from interfacial friction and slip (provided a plastic phase is present). During cold rolling, the morphological evolution of “refractory phase encased in a fusible shell” inclusions is controlled by the plasticity of the sulfide shell phase, together with complex interphase interactions involving interfacial friction and cold slip along interphase boundaries inside the inclusions. In the case of “phases are beside” inclusions, their shape change during cold rolling is governed by the plasticity of the sulfide phase (if present), as well as by interfacial friction and cold slip processes. The role of plastic phases in inclusions of both types has been clarified. It is demonstrated that plastic phases and interphase boundaries play a decisive role in the morphological evolution of heterophase inclusions of the “refractory phase encased in a fusible shell” and “phases are beside” types during hot and cold rolling of steels.
Key words: steel, heterophase nonmetallic inclusions, refractory phase, fusible shell, phases are beside, deformation, hot rolling, cold rolling, plasticity, destruction, interphase boundaries, interphase friction.
For citation: Gubenko, S. I., Parusov, E. V., Chuiko, I. M., & Parusov, O. V. (2026). Features of the transformation of heterophase non-metallic inclusions during hot and cold rolling of steels. Part 1. Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, 40, 56-78. https://doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2026-40-004
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Рукопис надійшов до редакції / Received 01.11.2025
Рекомендовано до друку / Accepted 28.05.2026
Опубліковано / Published 30.05.2026
